Advice on Buying a Business


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This is a repetition of material from the last post.I just think the matter is important enough to merit a post by itself.This is Mohnish Pabrai’s list of to-dos when buying a business.By paying attention to the following 9 principles of the Dhandho Framework you ensure that you bear the least risk and have the highest chance of a big pay-off.Of course, buying shares is buying parts of a business so you can apply the same criteria to come out ahead.

  1. Buy an existing business: you get a defined business model and have to invent nothing new.
  2. Buy businesses in simple industries with a low rate of change: buy businesses that are necessary and not about to be replaced any time soon.
  3. Buy distressed businesses in distressed industries: the very best time to buy a business is when it is hated and unloved.
  4. Buy businesses with a durable competitive advantage: this advantage can come from being low-cost to having a brand to having captive customers.
  5. Bet heavily when the odds are in your favour: if you must, wait for several years till the right opportunity comes by, then invest big-time.
  6. Focus on arbitrage: exploit any discrepancy between price and value.
  7. Buy businesses at big discounts to their intrinsic values: the odds of a permanent loss are low when this approach is followed.
  8. Look for low-risk, high-uncertainty businesses: the uncertainty leads to severely depressed prices.
  9. It’s better to be a copycat than an innovator: “innovation is a crapshoot, but scaling carries far lower risk.”

The Dhandho Investor


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This book is pretty small – just a little over 200 pages.And I love it.I am naturally a bargain hunter and love shopping in sales.I also love getting high quality goods at bargain-basement prices.So It’s small wonder that I am attracted to value investing.The danger of shopping in sales is that a person picks up things they don’t have any use for or items that are not a perfect fit just because they are cheap.Then there is a danger of buying poor quality stuff just because it seems to cost so little.The same applies to buying stocks cheap.Sometimes the whole market is beaten down and all stocks seem cheap, but if I buy stocks of companies I would not normally buy because of their poor returns to investors,just because they are cheap,I am left with the problem of selling them when the market and the stock recovers.This is a problem for me personally as I have a tendency to get married to my stocks.At other times a stock sells for low P/E multiples simply because there is something fundamentally wrong with the company. Stocking up on the shares and hoping for a turn-around is pretty foolish.But I am an optimistic type and I need to force myself to turn away from such situations.Over a period of time I have found ways to control my habits.When the markets are down,I first establish a budget and then try to make a list of likely stocks and arrange them in order of attractiveness depending on Buffett-style criteria and tell myself that I’m to invest over 80% of the budget on only the top 5 of my list.I find this stops me from stocking up on not so great businesses that I might find hard to sell later.Then I have accepted the fact that I am a speculator at heart.I no longer try to fight the urge but try to use the Dhandho Principles that come pretty naturally to me to gain out of my speculative tendencies.This is a book I recommend for all investors like me who like value investing but can’t overcome the urge to speculate.

Here is a round up chapter-wise of what is found in the book:-

Chapter 1

Pabrai starts the book by discussing the term “dhandho“which is a Gujarati word meaning “business”. Gujarat is a western coastal state in India that has served as a hotbed for trade with Asia and Africa. The Patels are a community of particularly entrepreunerial Gujaratis whose entrepreneurial ventures led to them forming a dominant part of the East African economy by the early 1970s. When Asians were thrown out of Uganda in 1972 on the basis of their race, a flurry of Patel immigrants landed in Canada, England and the United States. Read more of this post

Cold Steel


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‘Cold Steel’ is a mesmerising read.It is a narration of the takeover battle waged by Lakshmi Narayan Mittal against the management of Arcelor to emerge as the Emperor of Steel.

In 2006, the two largest steel-producers in the world-Arcelor and Mittal Steel, are in the middle of  a bitter battle for total market domination

At first Lakshmi Mittal proposes a friendly merger with rival Arcelor, a pan-European company whose interested parties include the governments of Spain, Luxembourg and Belgium.

Arcelor’s mercurial CEO, Frenchman Guy Dollé, firmly refuses,using intemperate language.To quote,“The answer is clearly no…There are two categories of steel. There is premium-quality steel and there is commodity steel. It’s like, there’s perfume, that Arcelor specialises in, and then there’s a sort of eau de cologne which is Mittal’s domain… a lot more technology and grey matter goes into each tonne we sell.” ….. “Part of Mittal’s offer consists, if you’ll excuse the expression, of monnaie de singe.”(literally meaning “monkey money” or “funny money” or tainted money).These same words come back to haunt him later.

The refusal sets the scene for a massive hostile takeover involving billions of dollars of finance and government and shareholder manoeuvring. The corporate battle that ensues takes on epic proportions and becomes  one of the world’s biggest and most hard-fought industry takeovers of recent years. It sends shockwaves through the political corridors of Europe, excites the world’s financial markets, enriches thirty hedge funds and transformes the global steel industry.The participants come from many different continents and include six billionaires, many of the world’s top investment bankers (interestingly with two brothers, pitted against each other, one working for Goldman Sachs and the other for Morgan Stanley),top law firms and public relations outfits , presidents , prime ministers and politicians occupying the highest positions in the current and emerging superpowers. Read more of this post

The Polyester Prince


wealthymatters.com‘The Polyester Prince ‘ by Hamish McDonald is an unofficial biography of Shri Dhirubhai Ambani.I personally enjoyed the book and gained from reading it.There is much in the book to inspire people starting out on their personal entrepreneurial journeys.

Dhirubhai was not born to privilege.He didn’t have much of a formal education.It was sheer enterprise , hard work , measured risk taking , a fighting – spirit , good people skills , networking , thinking out of the box , seizing opportunities and great execution skills that helped him make his fortune.This book details many of the incidents of his life.It can be mined for information on how to grow one’s business and deal with the day to day problems faced in building a business from scratch.

Dhirubhai held the opinion that there could literally be thousands like him.This book is a great gift to give an friend who could potentially be one of those few thousand.Dhirubhai’s life-story is the encouragement and in this book is the information needed to get started as an entrepreneur.